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Learn French Language Guide - Learn French Grammar

Relative Pronouns in French: Pronoms Relatifs

Relative Pronouns in French don’t just stand in for other words, they are used to build sentences by connecting clauses. 

Example:

Je mange la tarte que ma mère a préparée / I eat the pie that my mother has prepared.

            a) Simple forms

Qui

Who, which, whom

Que

That

Quoi

What

Dont

Whose, of which

Where

Examples:

Il faut trouver le témoin qui a identifié le meurtier. / We must find the witness who identified the murderer.

La croisiére que j’ai fait m’a été recommendée par l’un de mes amis. /  The cruise that I just went on was recommended by one of my friends.

Je ne sais pas quoi te dire. / I don’t know what to tell you.

Les chaussures dont elle s’est dôtée lui ont permi de finir le marathon. / The shoes of which she availed herself allowed her to finish the marathon.

La maison elle a vécu se trouve au Canada. / The house where she lived is located in Canada. 

            b) Complex forms (le, la, les + quel)

Lequel

Which one (masculine, singular form)

Lesquels

Which ones (masculine, plural form)

Laquelle

Which one (feminine, singular form)

Lesquelles

Which ones (feminine, plural form)

Examples: 

« Lequel avez-vous choisi? » me demanda le vendeur en pointant l’étalage de fromages du doigt. / « Which one did you choose? » asked the seller, while pointing his finger to the cheese display?

La cause pour laquelle nous nous sommes battus n’en valait pas la peine. / The cause for which we fought wasn’t worth it.

Les candidats parmi lesquels nous avons choisi le directeur étaient tous très qualifiés. / The candidates among which we chose the director were all very qualified.

Les pièces dans lesquelles vous avez installé les tableaux ne sont pas bien protégées. / The rooms in which you installed the paintings are not well protected. 

            c)  Amalgamated forms (à, au, aux, du, de la, des + complex form)

Auquel

To which, at which (masc., sing. form)

Auxquels

To which, at which (masc., plur. form)

À laquelle

To which, at which (fem., sing. form)

Auxquelles

To which, at which (fem., plur. form)

Duquel

Of  which, of whom, from which, from whom (masc., sing.)

Desquels

Of  which, of whom, from which, from whom (masc., plur.)

De laquelle

Of  which, of whom, from which, from whom (fem., sing.)

Desquelles

Of  which, of whom, from which, from whom (fem., plur.)

Examples: 

L’espèce à laquelle vous faîtes allusion n’existe plus. / The species to which you’re referring no longer exists.

La recette indique de commencer avec du lait, auquel on peut ajouter du fromage. / The recipe tells us to start with milk, to which one can add cheese.

La voiture à côté de laquelle elle était garée à été volée. / The car by the side of which she was parked has been stolen.

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